JEE Advanced Syllabus

Leave a Comment / Blog
Table Of Contents
  1. Physics
  2. Chemistry
  3. Mathematics
  4. General Information for JEE Advanced

Physics

1. General
  • Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis, least count, significant figures.
  • Error analysis for physical quantities in experiments:
    • Vernier calipers, screw gauge.
    • Determination of g using a simple pendulum.
    • Young’s modulus, surface tension (water), capillary rise.
    • Calorimetry, focal length determination, speed of sound, Ohm’s law.
2. Mechanics
  • Kinematics: Motion in one and two dimensions, projectiles, uniform circular motion.
  • Newton’s Laws: Inertial and accelerated frames, friction, energy, work, power.
  • Momentum: Linear momentum, conservation laws, elastic/inelastic collisions.
  • Rigid Body Dynamics: Moment of inertia, torque, angular momentum, rolling motion.
  • Oscillations: Simple harmonic motion, forced/damped oscillations, resonance.
  • Gravitation: Law of gravitation, Kepler’s laws, escape velocity, motion of planets.
  • Fluid Mechanics: Pascal’s law, buoyancy, surface tension, Bernoulli’s theorem.
  • Wave Motion: Longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition, beats, Doppler effect.
3. Thermal Physics
  • Thermal expansion of solids, liquids, gases; calorimetry, latent heat.
  • Heat Transfer: Conduction, convection, radiation, Newton’s law of cooling.
  • Thermodynamics: Ideal gas laws, first and second laws, Carnot engine, entropy.
  • Radiation: Blackbody radiation, Kirchhoff’s law, Stefan’s law, Wien’s law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism
  • Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law, electric fields, potential, capacitance.
  • Current Electricity: Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s laws, series/parallel circuits.
  • Magnetism: Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, magnetic field, force on a moving charge.
  • Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, inductance, LC circuits.
5. Electromagnetic Waves
  • Characteristics of electromagnetic waves, spectrum (radio to gamma rays), uses.
6. Optics
  • Reflection, refraction, dispersion, lenses, mirrors, magnification.
  • Wave Optics: Young’s double-slit experiment, polarization, diffraction.
7. Modern Physics
  • Atomic nucleus, radioactive decay, binding energy, nuclear reactions.
  • Photoelectric Effect: Bohr’s theory, de Broglie wavelength, X-rays.

Chemistry

1. General Topics
  • Atomic theory, mole concept, stoichiometry, redox reactions.
2. States of Matter
  • Ideal gas laws, kinetic theory, van der Waals equation, surface tension, viscosity.
3. Atomic Structure
  • Bohr model, wave-particle duality, quantum mechanical model of hydrogen, orbitals.
4. Chemical Bonding
  • Covalent bonding, hybridization, VSEPR theory, molecular orbital theory.
5. Thermodynamics
  • First and second laws, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy.
6. Chemical Equilibrium
  • Law of mass action, equilibrium constants, Le Chatelier’s principle.
7. Electrochemistry
  • Electrochemical cells, Nernst equation, galvanic cells, electrolysis.
8. Chemical Kinetics
  • Rate laws, reaction order, Arrhenius equation, catalysis.
9. Organic Chemistry
  • Hybridization, bond types, IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism.
  • Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene, alcohols, phenols, and amines.
  • Important reactions: Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Grignard reactions.
10. Biomolecules
  • Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes.
11. Solid State
  • Classification of solids: crystalline and amorphous.
  • Crystal lattices, packing in crystals (fcc, bcc, hcp), defects in crystals.
  • Ionic solids, radius ratio, and point defects.
12. Solutions
  • Henry’s Law: Gas solubility in liquids.
  • Raoult’s Law: Ideal and non-ideal solutions.
  • Colligative properties: Vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.
13. Surface Chemistry
  • Adsorption: Physical and chemical adsorption, adsorption isotherms (Freundlich).
  • Colloids: Types, preparation, properties.
  • Emulsions and micelles.
14. Classification of Elements and Periodicity
  • Modern periodic law, periodic table trends: Atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, and chemical reactivity.
15. Hydrogen
  • Position in the periodic table, properties, uses.
  • Preparation of hydrogen and its isotopes, hydrides (ionic, covalent, interstitial).
  • Water, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen as a fuel.
16. s-Block Elements
  • Properties and reactivity of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
  • Anomalous behavior of lithium and beryllium.
  • Important compounds of sodium and calcium (NaCl, NaOH, CaCO₃).
17. p-Block Elements
  • Properties and reactivity of groups 13-18.
  • Important compounds: Borax, orthoboric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride (Group 13); Carbon dioxide, silicon dioxide (Group 14); Nitrogen compounds, phosphorous compounds (Group 15); Sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide (Group 16); Chlorine, hydrochloric acid (Group 17); Noble gases, xenon compounds (Group 18).
18. d-Block Elements
  • Oxidation states, complex formation, color and magnetic properties, catalytic behavior, preparation and reactions of oxoanions of chromium and manganese.
19. f-Block Elements
  • Lanthanoids and actinoids: Properties, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction.
20. Coordination Compounds
  • Nomenclature, isomerism, VBT and CFT theories, hybridization, and geometry.
  • Magnetic properties, color of coordination compounds, applications.
21. Metallurgy
  • Extraction of metals (iron, copper, zinc, aluminum).
  • Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles of metallurgy.
  • Refining processes, cyanide process (silver, gold).
22. Environmental Chemistry
  • Pollution: Types (air, water, soil), causes, and control measures.
  • Green chemistry and its applications.
23. Organic Chemistry
  • Alkanes: Preparation, reactions (combustion, halogenation).
  • Alkenes and Alkynes: Preparation by elimination reactions, electrophilic addition, oxidation.
  • Benzene: Structure, electrophilic substitution (nitration, halogenation, sulfonation).
  • Phenols: Preparation, electrophilic substitution, oxidation, reduction.
  • Amines: Preparation from nitro compounds, nucleophilic substitution, Hoffmann bromamide degradation, diazonium salts.
  • Carboxylic Acids: Preparation, reactions (esterification, halogenation).
24. Biomolecules
  • Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
  • Proteins: Amino acids, peptide linkage, structure of proteins.
  • Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA, structure, and function.
25. Polymers
  • Types of polymerization: Addition, condensation.
  • Important polymers: Nylon, Teflon, Bakelite, PVC, natural rubber.
  • Biodegradable polymers and their applications.

Mathematics

1. Algebra
  • Complex numbers, quadratic equations, arithmetic and geometric progressions.
  • Permutations and combinations, binomial theorem, logarithms.
2. Matrices
  • Matrix operations, determinants, inverse of matrices, solving linear equations.
3. Probability
  • Probability rules, Bayes theorem, random variables, mean and variance.
4. Trigonometry
  • Trigonometric functions, identities, inverse functions, equations.
5. Analytical Geometry
  • Equations of straight lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses, hyperbolas.
  • Distance formula, section formula, tangent and normal to curves.
6. Calculus
  • Differential Calculus: Limits, continuity, derivatives, mean value theorem, maxima and minima.
  • Integral Calculus: Definite and indefinite integrals, applications, differential equations.
7. Vectors
  • Vector addition, scalar and vector products, applications in geometry.
8. Differential Calculus
  • Limits: Limit of a function at a point, L’Hopital’s Rule.
  • Continuity: Continuity of composite functions, intermediate value theorem.
  • Derivatives: Basic rules, chain rule, higher-order derivatives, geometric interpretations.
  • Applications of Derivatives: Tangents, normals, monotonicity, maxima, minima.
9. Integral Calculus
  • Integration: Indefinite integrals, techniques (substitution, partial fractions).
  • Definite Integrals: Properties, applications in areas under curves.
  • Differential Equations: First-order differential equations, separation of variables.
10. Vectors and 3D Geometry
  • Vectors: Addition, scalar multiplication, dot product, cross product.
  • 3D Geometry: Line equations, plane equations, distance between lines and planes, angles between lines and planes.
11. Probability and Statistics
  • Probability:
    • Random experiments, sample space, types of events (simple, compound, independent).
    • Addition and multiplication rules, conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem.
    • Use of permutations and combinations in probability.
  • Statistics:
    • Measures of central tendency: Mean, median, mode.
    • Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, variance, standard deviation.
    • Analysis of grouped and ungrouped data, frequency distributions, and their interpretation.
12. Matrices and Determinants
  • Matrices:
    • Definition, types of matrices (square, diagonal, symmetric, skew-symmetric).
    • Matrix operations: Addition, scalar multiplication, multiplication of matrices.
    • Transpose of a matrix, properties of matrices.
  • Determinants:
    • Determinant of a matrix, properties of determinants.
    • Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix (order up to 3×3).
    • Solving systems of linear equations using matrices and determinants (Cramer’s rule).
13. Trigonometry
  • Trigonometric Functions:
    • Periodicity, graphs of sine, cosine, tangent functions.
    • Trigonometric identities, sum and difference of angles, multiple angle identities.
  • Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
    • Principal values, properties of inverse trigonometric functions.
  • Trigonometric Equations:
    • General solutions of trigonometric equations.
    • Application of trigonometric identities and functions to solve problems.
14. Analytical Geometry
  • 2D Geometry:
    • Cartesian coordinates, distance formula, section formula.
    • Straight Lines: Equation of a line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance from a point to a line.
    • Circles: Equation of a circle, tangents, normals, chord properties.
    • Conic Sections: Parabola, ellipse, hyperbola – standard equations, foci, directrices, eccentricity.
  • 3D Geometry:
    • Distance between two points, direction cosines and direction ratios.
    • Equation of a line in space, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines.
    • Equation of a plane, angle between two planes, angle between a line and a plane.

General Information for JEE Advanced

Exam Structure

  • Type of Questions: Multiple choice questions (MCQs), numerical value questions, and matching type questions.
  • Duration: 3 hours per paper; there are two papers.
  • Subjects: Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics.
  • Marking Scheme: The exam features both positive and negative marking. Some questions may have partial marking.

Recommended Preparation Strategy

  • Practice Previous Years’ Papers: Solving past papers is critical for understanding the format and timing of the exam.
  • Focus on Core Concepts: JEE Advanced tests conceptual clarity, so focus on thoroughly understanding fundamental principles in each subject.
  • Time Management: Develop a strategy to allocate sufficient time for each subject during preparation and the actual exam.
  • Mock Tests: Regularly take full-length mock tests to simulate exam conditions and identify weak areas. ( Student Login)

Useful Resources

  • NCERT Textbooks: Strongly recommended as they cover the basics and many important topics.
  • Reference Books: Some popular books for JEE Advanced preparation include:
    • Physics: H.C. Verma’s Concepts of Physics, D.C. Pandey’s Understanding Physics series.
    • Chemistry: O.P. Tandon’s Physical Chemistry, J.D. Lee’s Concise Inorganic Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd.
    • Mathematics: R.D. Sharma, I.A. Maron’s Calculus, and S.L. Loney’s books on trigonometry and coordinate geometry.

JEE Advanced Syllabus Read More »

Upstream and Downstream carbon management strategies

Leave a Comment / Blog
Carbon Management Strategies

Upstream Carbon Management

StrategyDescription
Supply Chain AnalysisIdentify and map all suppliers and production processes. Assess carbon footprint of raw materials and transportation methods. Evaluate energy sources used by suppliers.
Supplier EngagementCollaborate with suppliers to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Encourage or require renewable energy adoption. Implement sustainability criteria in procurement.
Material EfficiencyOpt for low-carbon materials. Promote use of recycled and sustainably sourced materials. Implement waste reduction strategies during production.
Process OptimizationInvest in energy-efficient technologies and practices. Streamline production processes to minimize energy consumption. Conduct regular energy audits and carbon footprint assessments.

Downstream Carbon Management

StrategyDescription
Product DesignDesign products for energy efficiency. Use recyclable and low-impact materials. Extend product lifespan to reduce replacements.
Customer EngagementEducate customers on environmental impact and efficient usage. Provide recycling and take-back programs. Offer guidance on minimizing energy consumption.
Distribution and LogisticsOptimize transportation routes and methods. Use low-carbon or electric vehicles. Implement efficient packaging solutions.
End-of-Life ManagementDevelop and promote recycling and reusability. Collaborate with recycling firms for proper disposal. Design products for easy disassembly and material recovery.

Monitoring and Reporting

StrategyDescription
Data CollectionImplement systems to track carbon emissions throughout supply chain and product lifecycle. Use software tools for data aggregation and analysis.
Performance MetricsEstablish key performance indicators (KPIs) for carbon reduction. Regularly monitor and report progress towards targets.
Transparency and CommunicationPublish annual sustainability reports detailing emissions. Communicate carbon reduction initiatives and achievements to stakeholders.
Continuous ImprovementRegularly review and update carbon management strategies. Stay informed about new technologies and practices. Encourage innovation and collaboration within the industry.

Upstream and Downstream carbon management strategies Read More »

Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 Emissions

Leave a Comment / Blog

In the quest for sustainability and net-zero goals, businesses are increasingly focusing on understanding and managing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Emissions are categorized into three scopes: Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3. Each scope plays a crucial role in assessing a company’s carbon footprint and identifying areas for improvement.

Scope 1 emissions are the direct greenhouse gas emissions that occur from sources owned or controlled by the company. This includes emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, such as natural gas for heating or diesel for generators, as well as emissions released during manufacturing processes and from company-owned vehicles. Managing Scope 1 emissions is often more straightforward since they are directly within the company’s control. Organizations can implement measures such as energy efficiency improvements, transitioning to renewable energy sources, and adopting cleaner technologies to reduce these emissions.

Scope 2 emissions encompass the indirect GHG emissions resulting from the generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating, and cooling consumed by the company. This includes emissions associated with the electricity a company purchases from external sources and energy used for heating and cooling facilities. While these emissions are indirect, they represent a significant portion of a company’s overall carbon footprint. Companies can reduce Scope 2 emissions by increasing energy efficiency through the implementation of energy-saving technologies and practices, as well as sourcing energy from renewable sources, such as solar or wind.

Scope 3 emissions are the indirect emissions that occur in a company’s value chain but are not directly controlled by the company. This includes a wide range of activities, such as emissions from the production of purchased goods and services, transportation and distribution of products, waste management, employee commuting, and the use and end-of-life treatment of sold products. Scope 3 often accounts for the largest share of total emissions, making it critical for companies aiming for meaningful reductions in their overall carbon footprint. Addressing these emissions involves engaging suppliers to reduce emissions in the production process, designing sustainable products that are energy-efficient, and promoting circular economy practices that encourage recycling and reuse.

Understanding and addressing Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions is essential for companies committed to sustainability and reducing their environmental impact. While Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions can be more readily managed, Scope 3 requires a comprehensive approach involving collaboration across the entire value chain. By addressing all three scopes, businesses can take significant steps toward achieving their net-zero targets and contributing to a more sustainable future.

Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 Emissions Read More »

PSAT

Leave a Comment / Blog
All About the PSAT

The PSAT, often referred to as the “preliminary SAT,” serves as a valuable tool for students looking to kickstart their SAT preparation. It is a standardized examination typically administered to 11th-grade students in most high schools across the United States. In addition to its preparatory role, the PSAT also acts as a prerequisite for students aspiring to participate in the National Merit Scholarship Program. While the PSAT and SAT may seem similar at times, the SAT poses more challenging and advanced questions, including an optional essay component. A notable aspect is that if you find the writing section of the PSAT challenging, it’s a sign to concentrate on vocabulary and grammar, especially if you plan to take the SAT. The PSAT test effectively simulates the format, question types, topics, and time constraints that students will encounter on the SAT.

Duration of the PSAT

The PSAT is typically administered during the school day, often replacing regular classes. The test itself spans approximately three hours, including scheduled breaks.

PSAT Test Dates for 2023

In India, the PSAT exams are scheduled for the following dates:

  • Primary test day: Wednesday, October 11, 2023
  • Saturday test day: October 14, 2023
  • Alternate test day: Tuesday, October 25, 2023

Student score release dates online will depend on the state from which the students are accessing the scores.

PSAT Exam Eligibility

The PSAT Exam is available for candidates once a year. Undergraduate students are eligible to apply for the PSAT exam. Many candidates opt to take the PSAT during their 11th and 12th grade because achieving high scores in their junior years can qualify them for the prestigious National Merit Scholarship.

Sections of the PSAT

When taking the PSAT, you receive a composite score, two-section scores, and various subsection scores. The test comprises four timed sections: Evidence-Based Reading, Writing and Language, Math (no calculator), and Math (calculator allowed).

1. Evidence-Based Reading

The PSAT Evidence-Based Reading section evaluates your ability to read a passage critically, comprehend its main ideas and key details, and answer questions based on it. These questions assess your knowledge of evidence, words in context, and your ability to analyze material in history/social studies and science.

Questions involving command of evidence present four excerpts from the passage and ask you to choose the one that provides the most compelling evidence for the previous question. Meanwhile, questions about words in context focus on secondary word meanings.

The Reading Test encompasses passages from literature, history, social studies, and science. Certain PSAT questions require you to evaluate hypotheses, analyze data presented in various ways, and perform other types of analysis based on the information explicitly stated or inferred in the material.

2. Writing and Language

The PSAT Writing and Language section assesses your proficiency in recognizing and correcting grammatical errors while also revising words and phrases to enhance content. This category covers topics such as Standard English Conventions, including subjects like verb agreement, punctuation usage, and parallel construction. Additionally, you’ll be tested on sentence placement and the role of transition words or phrases within the text under the category of Expression of Ideas.

3. Math

The PSAT includes two math sections: one allowing calculator use and one that does not. These sections consist of multiple-choice questions with four answer options and short-answer grid-in questions with answer choices including digits 0–9, the period/decimal point (.), and the division/fraction bar (/). Some questions involve interconnected sections, with information from the first part being used to answer the question in the second section.

PSAT Test Format, Structure, and Question Types

The PSAT exam embraces a redesigned format that places a strong emphasis on assessing reasoning skills and fostering the development of essential knowledge for high school success. The test duration is 2 hours and 45 minutes, with the following sections:

1. Evidence-Based Reading and Writing:
  • Reading (60 Minutes): 47 questions. Passages are drawn from world or US literature, history/social studies, social science, and science.
  • Writing & Language (35 Minutes): 44 questions. This section assesses grammar, content, and style, with questions focused on identifying and correcting errors within passages.
2. Math:
  • No Calculator (25 Minutes): 17 questions. Topics include Heart of Algebra, problem-solving, data analysis, passport to advanced math, and additional math concepts.
  • Yes Calculator (45 Minutes): 31 questions. Similar to the no calculator section, it also covers Heart of Algebra, problem-solving, data analysis, passport to advanced math, and additional math topics.

PSAT Read More »

What Is IMAT?

Leave a Comment / Blog, Education

The International Medical Admissions Test, known as IMAT, is a standardized exam utilized for admission to medical schools in Italy, particularly those conducting programs in English. Since IMAT evaluates candidates’ aptitude for medical studies by assessing their problem-solving abilities, critical thinking, scientific knowledge, and general competencies across subjects such as biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and logical reasoning.

This assessment is typically taken by international students aspiring to study medicine in Italy. The test is meticulously designed to provide equal opportunities to individuals from diverse educational backgrounds and nationalities. It establishes a uniform evaluation standard for all applicants, irrespective of their educational systems.

The admission test consists of sixty questions presented in a multiple-choice format. For each question, you’ll have five potential answers to choose from, and only one of them is correct. The topics covered in the test are divided as follows:

  • 10 questions about General Knowledge
  • 10 questions involving Logical Reasoning and Problem Solving
  • 15 questions related to Biology
  • 15 questions concerning Chemistry
  • 10 questions combining Physics and Mathematics

Detailed IMAT Syllabus

General Knowledge and Logical Reasoning

Assessment of the ability to use the Italian language correctly in various contexts and for different purposes, and to logically complete reasoning in a manner consistent with premises, which are enunciated symbolically or verbally through multiple-choice questions also formulated with brief statements. Incorrect, arbitrary, or less likely conclusions are to be discarded.

However, The questions revolve around scientific or narrative essays from classical or contemporary authors, or on current affairs texts from newspapers or general/specialized magazines. They also touch upon cases or problems, even of an abstract nature, where the solution demands the application of different forms of logical reasoning.

Questions related to general knowledge cover topics encountered during studies or present in contemporary public discourse, thereby complementing this evaluative domain.

Regarding the historical sphere, questions may concern, among other things, the defining aspects of 20th-century history and the present world (industrialization and post-industrial society; fundamental rights achievements; new entities and movements; the welfare state and its crises; globalization processes and global conflicts).

For the social and institutional sphere, in alignment with national guidelines and in relation to activities carried out for ‘Citizenship and Constitution,’ questions may pertain, among other things, to the constitutional charter, communication and mass media, economic and political life organization, as well as the various forms of the State and governance.

Biology:


The Chemistry of Living Organisms.
The biological significance of weak interactions.
Organic molecules present in organisms and their respective functions. The role of enzymes.
The cell as the foundation of life.
Cell theory. Cellular dimensions. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, both animal and plant. Viruses.
Cellular membrane: structure and functions – transport across the membrane.
Cellular structures and their specific functions.
Cell cycle and cellular reproduction: mitosis and meiosis – chromosomal makeup and chromosomal maps.
Bioenergetics.
The energy currency of cells: ATP.
Oxidation-reduction reactions in living organisms.
Energetic processes: photosynthesis, glycolysis, aerobic respiration, and fermentation.
Reproduction and Heredity.
Life cycles. Sexual and asexual reproduction.
Mendelian genetics: Mendel’s laws and their applications.
Classical genetics: chromosomal theory of heredity – inheritance models.
Molecular genetics: DNA structure and replication, the genetic code, protein synthesis. Prokaryotic DNA. Eukaryotic chromosome structure. Genes and gene expression regulation.

Chemistry:

The Composition of Matter: States of Matter; Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Systems; Compounds and Elements. Laws of Ideal Gases. Atomic Structure: Elementary Particles; Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes, Electronic Structure of Atoms of Different Elements. The Periodic Table of Elements: Groups and Periods; Transition Elements. Periodic Properties of Elements: Atomic Radius, Ionization Potential, Electron Affinity, Metallic Character. Relationships Between Electronic Structure, Periodic Table Position, and Element Properties. Chemical Bonding: Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds. Bond Energy. Bond Polarities. Electronegativity. Intermolecular Bonds. Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry: Nomenclature and Primary Properties of Inorganic Compounds: Oxides, Hydroxides, Acids, Salts. Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry: Atomic and Molecular Mass, Avogadro’s Number, Concept of Mole and Its Application, Elementary Stoichiometric Calculations, Balancing Simple Reactions, Different Types of Chemical Reactions. Solutions: Solvent Properties of Water, Solubility, Major Methods of Expressing Solution Concentration. Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions. Elements of Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis. Oxidation and Reduction: Oxidation Number, Concept of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents. Balancing Simple Reactions. Acids and Bases: The Concept of Acid and Base. Acidity, Neutrality, and Basicity of Aqueous Solutions. pH. Hydrolysis. Buffer Solutions. Foundations of Organic Chemistry: Carbon Atom Bonds, Empirical and Structural Formulas, Isomerism Concept. Aliphatic, Alicyclic, and Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Functional Groups: Alcohols, Ethers, Amines, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amides. Basics of Nomenclature.

Physics:

Measurements: Direct and indirect measurements, fundamental and derived quantities, physical dimensions of quantities, understanding of the decimal metric system and Units of Measurement Systems such as CGS, Technical (or Practical) (ST), and International (SI), knowledge of units of measurement (names and relationships between fundamental and derived units), multiples and submultiples (names and values). Kinematics: Kinematic quantities, various motions with specific emphasis on uniform linear motion and uniformly accelerated motion; uniform circular motion; harmonic motion (for all motions: definition and relationships between connected kinematic quantities). Dynamics: Vectors and vector operations. Forces, moments of forces about a point. Moment of a force couple. Vector composition of forces. Definitions of mass and weight. Gravity acceleration. Density and specific weight. Universal law of gravitation, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd laws of dynamics. Work, kinetic energy, potential energies. Conservation principle of energy. Impulse and momentum. Conservation principle of momentum. Fluid Mechanics: Pressure, and its units of measurement (not limited to SI system). Archimedes’ principle. Pascal’s principle. Stevin’s law. Archimedes’ principle. Thermology, Thermodynamics: Thermometry and calorimetry. Thermal capacity and specific heat. Modes of heat propagation. Changes of state and latent heats. Laws of ideal gases. First and second laws of thermodynamics. Electrostatics and Electrodynamics: Coulomb’s law. Electric field and electric potential. Dielectric constant. Capacitors. Series and parallel capacitors. Direct current. Ohm’s law. Kirchhoff’s principles. Electrical resistance and resistivity. Series and parallel electrical resistances. Work, Power. Joule’s effect. Generators. Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents. Effects of electrical currents (thermal, chemical, and magnetic).

Mathematics:

Numerical Sets and Algebra: Natural, integer, rational, real numbers. Ordering and comparison; orders of magnitude and scientific notation. Operations and their properties. Proportions and percentages. Powers with integer and rational exponents, and their properties. Radicals and their properties. Logarithms (base 10 and base e) and their properties. Introduction to combinatorial calculus. Algebraic expressions, polynomials. Special products, nth power of a binomial, polynomial factoring. Algebraic fractions. First and second-degree algebraic equations and inequalities. Systems of equations. Functions: Fundamental notions about functions and their graphical representations (domain, codomain, sign analysis, continuity, maxima and minima, growth and decay, etc.). Elementary functions: integer and fractional algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric functions. Composite functions and inverse functions. Trigonometric equations and inequalities. Geometry: Polygons and their properties. Circumference and circle. Lengths, areas, and volumes. Isometries, similarities, and equivalences in the plane. Geometric loci. Angle measurement in degrees and radians. Sine, cosine, tangent of an angle and their key values. Trigonometric identities. Triangle resolution. Cartesian coordinate system in the plane. Distance between two points and midpoint of a segment. Equation of a line. Conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity. Distance of a point from a line. Equation of a circle, parabola, hyperbola, ellipse, and their representation in the Cartesian plane. Pythagoras’ theorem. Euclid’s theorems (first and second). Probability and Statistics: Frequency distributions according to the type of variable and main graphical representations. Concept of random experiment and event. Probability and frequency.

What Is IMAT? Read More »

Scroll to Top